Living with dementia presents unique challenges, not just for the individual but also for their loved ones and caregivers. While there’s no cure, we can significantly improve the quality of life for people with dementia by creating environments that are supportive, safe, and calming. This isn’t about expensive renovations; often, it’s about thoughtful adjustments that make a world of difference.
Here are some practical ways to create a dementia-friendly environment:
1. Simplify and De-clutter
Why it matters: Too much visual information can be overwhelming and confusing for someone with dementia. Clutter can also be a tripping hazard.
How to do it:
- Clear pathways: Ensure hallways and rooms are free of obstacles.
- Reduce decorative items: Less is more. Opt for a few meaningful items rather than many small trinkets.
- Organise frequently used items: Keep things like remotes, glasses, and frequently used toiletries in consistent, easy-to-find locations.
2. Enhance Lighting
Why it matters: Good lighting can reduce shadows that might be misinterpreted as obstacles or threats. It also helps with orientation and can improve mood.
How to do it:
- Maximise natural light: Open curtains and blinds during the day.
- Increase artificial light: Ensure rooms are well-lit, especially in areas like bathrooms, kitchens, and stairwells.
- Reduce glare: Use frosted bulbs or lampshades to diffuse light. Avoid highly reflective surfaces.
- Consider nightlights: Strategically place nightlights in hallways and bathrooms to prevent falls during nighttime wandering.
3. Improve Contrast and Colour
Why it matters: As dementia progresses, visual perception can decline. Using contrasting colours can help distinguish objects and areas, improving safety and independence.
How to do it:
- Use contrasting colours for key features: For example, a dark toilet seat against a light toilet, or a bright handrail against a pale wall.
- Distinguish doors: Paint doors to frequently used rooms (like the bathroom) a different, contrasting colour to the walls to make them easier to identify.
- Avoid busy patterns: Opt for plain or subtly patterned fabrics and wallpapers, as busy designs can be disorienting.
4. Create Clear Signage and Visual Cues
Why it matters: Memory and orientation can be challenging. Clear visual cues can help individuals navigate their environment and find what they need.
How to do it:
- Label drawers and cupboards: Use simple words and/or pictures to indicate what’s inside (e.g., “Socks,” “Snacks,” or an image of clothing).
- Picture prompts: Place pictures on bathroom doors or bedroom doors to help with identification.
- Visual schedules: For some, a simple visual schedule of daily activities can provide reassurance and structure.
5. Minimise Noise and Distractions
Why it matters: Overstimulation can lead to agitation and confusion. A calm environment promotes peace and reduces anxiety.
How to do it:
- Reduce background noise: Turn off TVs or radios if they’re not actively being watched or listened to.
- Create quiet spaces: Designate an area that is peaceful and free from too much activity.
- Consider soundproofing: If possible, address sources of persistent noise.
6. Ensure Safety and Security
Why it matters: As cognitive abilities change, the risk of accidents increases.
How to do it:
- Remove tripping hazards: Secure rugs, tidy cords, and fix any uneven flooring.
- Install grab bars: In bathrooms and near stairs.
- Lock up dangerous items: Store medications, cleaning supplies, and sharp objects securely.
- Consider door/window alarms: If wandering is a concern, discreet alarms can alert caregivers.
- Adjust water heater temperature: To prevent scalds.
7. Incorporate Familiarity and Personalisation
Why it matters: Familiar objects and surroundings can provide comfort and a sense of continuity.
How to do it:
- Display cherished photos and memorabilia: These can evoke positive memories and provide conversation starters.
- Maintain familiar routines: While not strictly environmental, a consistent daily routine contributes to a sense of stability.
- Incorporate personal preferences: If they love gardening, bring some plants indoors. If they enjoy music, have a simple music player accessible.
Creating a dementia-friendly environment is an ongoing process that requires observation, patience, and adaptability. By implementing these simple yet impactful strategies, we can foster a space that promotes independence, reduces stress, and enhances the overall well-being of individuals living with dementia, allowing them to live with greater dignity and comfort.
